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Alicante’s Medieval Castles: A Historical Tour

Hanna Smith

Writer & Blogger

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Alicante, a region steeped in history, is home to several magnificent medieval castles that offer a glimpse into the past. These ancient fortresses, perched on hilltops and overlooking the Mediterranean Sea, are a testament to the region’s rich cultural heritage and strategic importance throughout history. From the iconic Castillo de Santa Bárbara in the heart of Alicante to the lesser-known gems in the surrounding areas, here’s a historical tour of the best medieval castles in Alicante.

Alicante
Alicante
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Castillo de Santa Bárbara

Perched atop Mount Benacantil, the Castillo de Santa Bárbara is one of the most prominent landmarks in Alicante and one of Spain’s largest medieval fortresses. The castle’s strategic location, 166 meters above sea level, offers stunning panoramic views of the city, the port, and the surrounding coastline.

The origins of Castillo de Santa Bárbara date back to the 9th century, during the Muslim rule of Spain, although the site has been fortified since ancient times. The castle has seen numerous battles and has undergone several expansions and renovations over the centuries, reflecting the various cultural influences that have shaped Alicante’s history.

Visitors to Castillo de Santa Bárbara can explore its three main enclosures: the upper level, known as La Torreta, which houses the oldest remains, including the original lookout tower; the intermediate level, which features the Hall of Philip II and other 16th-century constructions; and the lower level, where you’ll find La Casa del Gobernador (the Governor’s House) and the Baluarte de la Reina. The castle also has a museum that provides insights into the history of Alicante and the castle itself.

Access to the castle is easy, with options to hike up, take an elevator from the base of the mountain, or even drive up to the parking area near the top. Whether you’re a history enthusiast or simply looking for the best views in Alicante, Castillo de Santa Bárbara is a must-visit destination.

Castillo de San Fernando

While often overshadowed by Castillo de Santa Bárbara, the Castillo de San Fernando is another important historical site in Alicante. Located on the smaller Tossal Hill, this 19th-century fortress was built during the Peninsular War (1807-1814) as a defensive stronghold against the French forces.

Unlike other medieval castles in the region, Castillo de San Fernando was constructed relatively quickly and features more modern military architecture, reflecting the urgent need for defense during the Napoleonic Wars. Although the castle was never fully completed, it played a significant role in the city’s defense and offers a fascinating glimpse into the military strategies of the time.

Today, the Castillo de San Fernando is a popular spot for locals and visitors to enjoy outdoor activities, such as jogging, hiking, and picnicking, while also offering panoramic views of Alicante and the surrounding area. The castle’s less formal atmosphere makes it a great place to explore at your own pace, taking in both the historical significance and the natural beauty of the site.

Castillo de Sax

Located about 40 kilometers northwest of Alicante, in the town of Sax, the Castillo de Sax is a striking medieval fortress perched on a rocky outcrop. The castle dates back to the 10th century and was originally built by the Moors, although it was later expanded and fortified by Christian forces after the Reconquista.

The Castillo de Sax offers a dramatic setting, with its towers and walls blending seamlessly into the rugged landscape. The castle’s main tower, known as the Torre del Homenaje, provides sweeping views of the Vinalopó Valley and the surrounding countryside. The town of Sax itself is steeped in history, and visitors can explore its charming streets and learn about its rich cultural heritage.

To reach the castle, you’ll need to hike up a steep path, but the effort is well worth it for the breathtaking views and the chance to explore one of Alicante’s most impressive medieval fortresses. The castle is also known for its annual Moors and Christians festival, which takes place in February and features colorful parades, reenactments, and other festivities that celebrate the region’s history.

Castillo de Villena (Atalaya Castle)

One of the most well-preserved medieval castles in the Alicante region is the Castillo de Villena, also known as Atalaya Castle. Located in the town of Villena, about 60 kilometers inland from Alicante, this castle is a prime example of military architecture from the Almohad period.

The Castillo de Villena was built in the 12th century by the Moors and later became a key stronghold during the Reconquista. The castle’s most notable features include its imposing double walls, which provided an additional layer of defense, and its large square keep, which dominates the structure. Inside, visitors can explore the castle’s various rooms and towers, many of which have been restored to their original state.

The castle’s elevated position offers stunning views of the surrounding countryside, making it a perfect spot for history buffs and photographers alike. The town of Villena is also worth exploring, with its historical center, museums, and annual Fiestas del Medievo (Medieval Festival) that brings the past to life with medieval markets, performances, and reenactments.

Castillo de Biar

Nestled in the picturesque town of Biar, about 45 kilometers from Alicante, the Castillo de Biar is another gem of medieval architecture in the region. The castle was built in the 12th century during the Almohad period and played a crucial role in the defense of the area during the Christian Reconquista.

The Castillo de Biar is known for its well-preserved Almohad tower, which is one of the best examples of this architectural style in the region. The castle’s design reflects a mix of Islamic and Christian influences, with its horseshoe arches, defensive walls, and fortified gates. Visitors can explore the castle’s interior, including the tower, which offers panoramic views of the town and the surrounding valley.

The town of Biar itself is a charming destination, with its narrow streets, traditional houses, and historic churches. The Sanctuary of Our Lady of Grace, located near the castle, is another notable site worth visiting. Biar’s peaceful atmosphere and rich history make it an ideal day trip destination for those looking to explore Alicante’s medieval heritage.

Tips for Visiting Medieval Castles in Alicante

  • Wear Comfortable Shoes: Many of these castles are located on hilltops and require some hiking to reach, so be sure to wear sturdy, comfortable footwear.
  • Check Opening Hours: Some castles may have specific visiting hours or guided tours, so it’s a good idea to check ahead of time to plan your visit.
  • Bring a Camera: The views from these castles are spectacular, so don’t forget your camera to capture the stunning scenery and historical architecture.
  • Explore the Surrounding Areas: Many of these castles are located in charming towns or near other historical sites, so take the time to explore the local area and learn more about the region’s history.

Conclusion

Alicante’s medieval castles offer a fascinating journey through history, showcasing the region’s rich cultural heritage and strategic importance over the centuries. From the iconic Castillo de Santa Bárbara in the heart of Alicante to the lesser-known but equally impressive Castillo de Sax and Castillo de Villena, these fortresses provide a unique glimpse into the past. Whether you’re a history enthusiast or simply looking for a memorable day trip, exploring these medieval castles is a must when visiting Alicante.

 

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